Short description:

Development of the methodology for diagnosing the state of sustainable development and its application on the Bucovina tourist destination.

The analysis focused on the 29 administrative-territorial units in the rural area of Bucovina, of which 22 localities with high and 7 localities with very high concentration of natural and anthropic tourism resources, according to the Government Ordinance no. 142/2008 regarding the approval of the Spatial Planning of the National Territory, Section VIII - Areas with Tourist Resources, approved by Law no. 190/2009.

Short description:

Development of the methodology for diagnosing the state of sustainable development and its application on the South Transylvania tourist destination.

The analysis focused on the 33 administrative-territorial units in the rural area of Southern Transylvania - Centru (Centre) Development Region with very high concentration of natural and anthropic tourism resources, according to Government Ordinance no. 142/2008 on the approval of the Spatial Planning of the National Territory, Section VIII - Areas with Tourist Resources, approved by Law no. 190/2009.

Summary

The presentation starts with the issue of migration that became „the megatrend of the century”, a 2017 statistic indicating the global number of international migrants to 258 million, in contrast to the important investments in education, health, housing and infrastructure based on this phenomenon. There are also presented the particularities of the Romanian migration and how the migratory processes affect both the local and regional lifestyle and the structure of the tourist destinations (from a socio-cultural point of view and the cultural landscape itself) and the effects of these changes (especially in rural areas).

The theoretical model of the tourist destination assumes a dual quality: the main product (as a closed system) but also an action field for tourists and regional actors (as an open system), both in the context of the sustainable cultural development of the destination (by preserving the natural environment and the cultural landscape, the involvement of the local population in life and culture, the strategic planning based on local economic interests and tourists' needs and by minimization of tourism activities leading to landscape change). The sustainable development is even more important for the Romanian context, given that the main tourist destinations in Romania are related to rural tourism and cultural heritage (Transylvania, Maramures, Bucovina, landscapes, houses and sites of UNESCO World Heritage).

As a case study, there is presented the comprehensive analysis of the cultural landscape as a promotional element of Bucovina started in 2011, which concluded the following: the irreversible deterioration of the tourist offer and finally the overall image of Bucovina, as well as the dramatic change of the cultural landscape after 1990 (modification of buildings with functions dedicated to tourism and small rural businesses, modernization or construction of private houses under the influence of migrants from abroad, renovation and modernization of public buildings). There are also some types of concrete negative interventions on traditional houses in Bucovina and their peculiarities: „housing” type, „commercial” type and „spatial migration” type (the use of strong colors, the rise of the house on several levels, the use of new replacement materials for wood - aluminum, PVC, plastic, metal, polystyrene, sandstone, mixture of styles from other regions, countries or even epochs).

The conclusions of the presentation have shown that migration and globalization affect rural areas in particular, the intensity of impact varies across Europe's diverse regions and that there are no general solutions and individualized personalized strategies on the destination must be designed, resulting from close cooperation between stakeholders, the political environment, locals and researchers. For Bucovina, it is recommended to focus on a few selected villages that could offer a genuine experience and continue the recommendation to harmoniously integrate elements from traditional architecture.

Summary

The "Database: Rural Entrepreneurship" provides the list and analysis of relevant stakeholders for the development of rural entrepreneurship.
The list of stakeholders is divided into tourism associations, Administrations of parks and protected areas, Town Halls from Suceava County, ministries, county directorates, NGOs relevant for rural development, Local Development Groups (GALs), Inter-community Development Agencies (ADIs).
The stakeholder analysis contains strengths, weaknesses, possible impact and possible involvement in the development of rural entrepreneurship through the valorisation of built heritage.

Summary

The ‘Stakeholder analysis for entrepreneurship development in rural areas’ is a questionnaire aimed to identify, analyze and select the all potential stakeholders of the project.
Considered criteria refer to the strengths, weaknesses, possible impact and possible involvement in the development of rural entrepreneurship through the preservation and valorization of built heritage, directly or indirectly and, also, the way in which this will be done.

Summary

Nowadays, the rural entrepreneurship represents a vital component of what means a broad perspective of rural development. Any strategy with a chance of success targeting the rural areas aims to promote rural development. The attention and resources are no longer focused solely on agriculture or irrigation, but also on the allocation of water resources and wastewater management. The issue of agriculture, forestry or animal husbandry is not addressed separately anymore; rather everything is integrated into a management of natural resources within systems of sustainable production.
The Rural Entrepreneurship Guide argues the importance of valorization of rural economic potential in Romania through entrepreneurship. It is a structured, step-by-step plan that brings to the forefront the key elements of a business plan that should be taken into account in the entrepreneurial initiative in rural areas. Examples of good practice, ways of valorization of natural and cultural resources, or different business models applicable to the rural environment are highlighted, with emphasis on preservation and valorization of the built heritage. It also analyses the components of the marketing mix from the perspective of the peculiarities of a rural business, challenges that may arise in the development of a business, the entrepreneur profile or the transformation of viable opportunities
into new products and services that can meet potential customers.
In addition, there have been developed a number of answers to questions such as: How should be a business organized? How to manage and finance a business? How can be measured the business success? What should be known about the tax systems?

Summary

The study on good practices in entrepreneurship in rural areas follows the addressed issues in different regions of Europe: Italy, the United Kingdom, the Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden), Belgium, Spain, France and Romania. A brief presentation of rural entrepreneurship has been developed for each of these regions, and relevant legislation has been described. Last but not least, a series of good practices from the analysed area were presented, together with their correlation with the Romanian entrepreneurial environment: which models can be taken over and applied in Romania.
Thus, it is concluded that there is a direct correlation between the level of entrepreneurship of a country and its level of economic development, in the sense that economic development depends on the general entrepreneurial activity of any region. And if so far small businesses in the European rural area were developed in the agricultural sector, slowly, other types of businesses are emerging on the basis of accessing European non-reimbursable funds.

o ”Characteristics of Entrepreneurs in Newly Created Companies. A Comparative Analysis by Romanian Development Regions”, autori Carmen Boghean , Mihaela State, Carmen Chașovschi, Carmen Năstase, în volumul Proceedings of the Conference ”Strategies and Development Policies of Territories: International, Country, Region, City, Location Challenges” la Editura Lumen, Iași-Londra, 2018) (https://doi.org/10.18662/lumproc.68);
o ”A perspective about rural entrepreneurship in Belgium and Spain”, autori Carmen Boghean , Mihaela State – articol în “Ovidius” University Annals, Economic Sciences Series, ISSN 2393-3127 (Online) indexată BDI;
o ”Opportunities and Challenges for a Sustainable Rural Entrepreneurship”, autori Carmen Nastase, Carmen Chașovschi, Ancuța Lucaci (http://stec.univ-ovidius.ro/html/anale/RO/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/7-1.pdf), „Ovidius” University Annals, Economic Sciences Series, Vol. XIX, Issue 1 / 2019, ISSN 2393 – 3127 (online), ISSN 2393 – 3119 (CD-ROM), ISSN – L 2393 – 3119, p. 95-104;
o ”Statistical Correlation Between Tourism and Poverty in EU Countries”, autori Carmen Boghean, Mihaela State (https://www.springer.com/us/book/9783319894676), Springer Proceedings in Business and Economics, 2019, p. 83-90;
o ”Between Tourism and Poverty in EU Countries”, autori Carmen Boghean, Mihaela State (https://www.springer.com/us/book/9783319894676), Springer Proceedings in Business and Economics, 2019, p. 83-90;
o ”Development of Romanian Corporate Governance in Hospitality Industry: Necessity and Favorable”, autori Florin Boghean, Carmen Boghean (https://www.springer.com/us/book/9783319894676), Springer Proceedings in Business and Economics, 2019, p. 233-240;
 “A perspective about rural entrepreneurship in Belgium and Spain”, autori Boghean Carmen, Mihaela State (http://stec.univ-ovidius.ro/html/anale/RO/ovidius-university-annals-economic-sciences-series-volume-xviii-issue-2/), ”Ovidius” University Annals, Economic Sciences Series, Vol. XVIII, Issue 2/2018, p. 2-6;
o “Theoretical Incursions into Social Entrepreneurship as a Mean of Development for Rural Heritage Rich Communities”, autori Anamaria Bucaciuc, Paul-Panfil Ivan, Mariana Lupan (http://stec.univ-ovidius.ro/html/anale/RO/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/1-2.pdf), “Ovidius” University Annals, Economic Sciences Series Volume XIX, Issue 1 /2019, pp. 129-134, BDI;
o ”Migration and Cultural Landscape, a Romanian Perspective”, autori Paul-Panfil Ivan, Anamaria Bucaciuc (http://stec.univ-ovidius.ro/html/anale/RO/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/12.pdf), “Ovidius” University Annals, Economic Sciences Series, Volume XIX, Issue 1 /2019, p. 209-214, BDI;
o “Tourism Valorization of Romanian Crafts and Traditions - Opportunity to Develop the Social Economy in the Context of the Largest Migration in the History of Romania”, autori Paul-Panfil Ivan, Anamaria Bucaciuc, Carmen Emilia Chașovschi, Angela Albu, VI International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conference SOCIAL SCIENCES & ARTS SGEM 2019 Conference Proceedings (ISSN 2367-5659), Volume 6, Issue 2, Economics&Finance, Business&Management, p. 855-861, BDI;
o “The countryside business. A radiography of rural entrepreneurship in the Bucovina region of Romania in the context of increased migration”, autori Paul-Panfil Ivan, Anamaria Bucaciuc, Carmen Emilia Chasovschi, Gabriela Prelipcean, VI International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conference SOCIAL SCIENCES & ARTS SGEM 2019 Conference Proceedings (ISSN 2367-5659), Volume 6, Issue 2, Economics&Finance, Business&Management, p. 855-861, BDI;
o “Labor Force as a Resource for Rural Entrepreneurship in Romania”, autori Carmen Boghean, Mihaela State, 2020, LUMEN Proceedings, Vol.13, 16th Economic International Conference NCOE 4.0 2020 , pp. 327-336, https://doi.org/10.18662/lumproc/ncoe4.0.2020/29. Lumen Publishing House, Iasi, Romania, ISI proceedings;
o “Gender Gap in entrepreneurship in some of OECD countries”, autori Boghean Carmen, Mihaela State, Boghean Florin, Proceedings of the International Conference “Information Society and Sustainable Development”, ISSD 2020, ISI proceedings;
o „Low Touch Economy and Social Economy in Rural Heritage Rich Communities Impacted by COVID-19 Crisis”, autori Anamaria BUCACIUC, Gabriela PRELICEAN, Carmen CHAŞOVSCHI, 2020, Lumen Proceedings: Vol. 13. 16th Economic International Conference NCOE 4.0 2020 (pp. 398-409). Lumen Publishing House, Iasi, Romania. https://doi.org/10.18662/lumproc/ncoe4.0.2020/36, ISI proceedings;
o „European Rural Businesses During The Covid-19 Pandemic: Designing Initiatives For Current And Future Development”, autori Ancuța LUCACI, Carmen NASTASE, 2020, Lumen Proceedings: Vol. 13. 16th Economic International Conference NCOE 4.0 2020 (pp. 419-429). Lumen Publishing House, Iași, Romania. https://doi.org/10.18662/lumproc/ncoe4.0.2019/38, ISI proceedings;
o „Heritage without heirs or when the soul of the houses takes the path of migration. A reflection on the abandoned houses of Bukovina”, autor Paul IVAN, 2020, Lumen Proceedings: Vol. 13. 16th Economic International Conference NCOE 4.0 2020 (pp. 410-418). Lumen Publishing House, Iasi, Romania.https://doi.org/10.18662/lumproc/ncoe4.0.2020/37, ISI proceedings;
• “Social entrepreneurship models for cherishing rural architectural heritage”, autori Anamaria Bucaciuc, Gabriela Prelipcean, 2020, Editors: Bähre, Heike and Elss, Valerie (2020): Tourism and Architecture in the Framework of Cultural Heritage and Innovation. Proceedings of the third Scientific Conference of the Commission “Architecture and Tourism”I n the German Society for Tourism Science (DGT) (pp. 59-72) e.V. held on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the Bauhaus 2019 in Weimar, Dessau and Berlin, Bielefeld/Berlin: Fachhochschule des Mittelstands (FHM) University of Applied Sciences & DGT-Commission "Architecture and Tourism", ISBN 978-3-937149-68-4.
• ”Traditional crafts – the solution for tourism development in the context of increased international migration? A perspective of the Bucovina region from Romania”, autori Paul-Panfil Ivan, Angela Albu, 2020, Editors: Bähre, Heike and Elss, Valerie (2020): Tourism and Architecture in the Framework of Cultural Heritage and Innovation. Proceedings of the third Scientific Conference of the Commission “Architecture and Tourism” in the German Society for Tourism Science (DGT) (pp. 51-58) e.V. held on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the Bauhaus 2019 in Weimar, Dessau and Berlin, Bielefeld/Berlin: Fachhochschule des Mittelstands (FHM) University of Applied Sciences & DGT-Commission "Architecture and Tourism", ISBN 978-3-937149-68-4.
• “Migration, cultural heritage and architecture in Romania’s rural areas”, autori Carmen Nastase, Dan Florin Hreban, 2020, Editors: Bähre, Heike and Elss, Valerie (2020): Tourism and Architecture in the Framework of Cultural Heritage and Innovation. Proceedings of the third Scientific Conference of the Commission “Architecture and Tourism” in the German Society for Tourism Science (DGT) (pp. 25-50) e.V. held on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the Bauhaus 2019 in Weimar, Dessau and Berlin, Bielefeld/Berlin: Fachhochschule des Mittelstands (FHM) University of Applied Sciences & DGT-Commission "Architecture and Tourism", ISBN 978-3-937149-68-4.

o ”Religious and pilgrimage heritage from Bucovina - an opportunity of sustainable development of tourism; autori: Tudorache Doru Marian, Tudorache Petronela. Articolul publicat în revista ”Knowledge Horizons – Economics”, revistă indexată BDI;
o “Unesco World Heritage Sites in Bucovina – an Opportunity for the Sustainable Development of Tourism”, autori Doru Marian Tudorache, Petronela Tudorache, Roxana Aștefănoaiei (https://orizonturi.ucdc.ro/arhiva/KHE%20nr.%202%20-%202019/12.%20UNESCO%20WORLD%20HERITAGE%20SITES%20IN%20%20BUCOVINA.pdf), Knowledge Horizons – Economics, Volumul 11, nr.2, 2019, E-ISSN 2066-1061, P-ISSN 2069-0932, pp. 91-98;
o „The Analysis of Rural Communities in Bucovina”, autori Petronela Tudorache, 2020, New Trends in Sustainable Business and Consumption, Editura ASE, (2020), 313-321, ISI;
o „Sustainable Development of High Tourist Potential Rural Communities in Southern Transylvania”, autori Tudorache Petronela, Tudorache Doru Marian, 2019, Ovidius University Annals, Economic Sciences Series 19 (2), 180-188, BDI;
o „Unesco Patrimoniul Mondial al Bucovinei - Oportunitate pentru dezvoltarea durabilă a turismului”, 2019, autori Tudorache Doru Marian; Tudorache Petronela; Aștefănoaiei Roxana Maria, Orizonturi de cunoaștere. Economie; București Vol. 11, Iss. 2, (2019): 91-98, BDI;
o „Patrimoniul construit în proximitatea Bucovinei istorice. Moșia Regală Broșteni”, autori Bogdan Cocieru, 2020, Revista „Analele Bucovinei”, tomul XXVII, nr. 2 (55), iulie-decembrie 2020, BDI.